Qianlong Emperor's Southern Tour and Daguantang Baoyu

Qianlong has carved about 1,800 seals in his life, with different materials and rich contents. And this "Daguantangbao" jade is a piece of special significance. In addition to its artistic value, this seal also conveys a lot of historical and cultural information to people.

During Qianlong's reign, he followed his grandfather Kangxi Emperor's six visits to Jiangnan during his reign, and also patrolled the South six times: the first time in the 16th year of Emperor Qianlong (1751) and the second time in the 22nd year (1757). The third time in twenty-seven years (1762), the fourth in thirty years (1765), the fifth in forty-five years (1780), and the last in forty-nine years (1784). Every time he travels south, he usually goes along the canal to Yangzhou, Suzhou, Hangzhou, Jiangning (now Nanjing) and Shandong Taishan. He also cruised Haining in Zhejiang four times. Wherever he went, he visited the water conservancy, the honored bureaucrats and the gentry, the ritual parade, and the scenic spots along the way. These are all recorded in detail in the book "King Ding South Tour Festival". Qianlong’s daily activities are also written in his own poems.

The seal of Yuxi is “Daguantangbao”. Daguantang is one of the palaces of Emperor Qianlong in Yangzhou. Because it is built in the garden of the famous Zen Temple in Tianning Temple, it is also called Tianning Temple Palace. There are eight brakes in Yangzhou: Tianning Temple, Chongning Temple, Jianlong Temple, Huiyin Temple, Fajing Temple, Gaochun Temple, Jinghui Temple and Fuyuan Temple, and Tianning Temple is the first. During the first southern tour of Emperor Qianlong, the Emperor Qianlong was already stationed at Tianning Temple. He was very happy. He once wrote poems and sang: "The Spring Wind Pavilion is in Tianning, and you will see Pingshan in the morning." The shore painting is a screen.” Seeing that the emperor liked this place very much, the local minister of the embassy in Xinjiang, before the second southern tour of Qianlong, built a general building into a luxurious palace. The "Kingding South Tour Festival" records: "Beyond the arches of Yangzhou House. The old is the Jinda Fu Xie'an Villa, and the translation of the "Hua Yan Jing" by the 僧 熈 于此 于此 于此 于此 于此 于此 于此 于此 于此 于此 于此 于此 于此 于此 于此 于此She is a temple, named Xie Sikong Temple. Song Zhenghe changed the name of today. In the 21st year of Emperor Qianlong, the number of temples built on the right side of the temple was heavy. Since then, he has been greeted by the Holy Tour of South China. The ceremony reaffirmed that while the temple is always immortal."

In the "Yangzhou Paintings" written by Li Dou during Qianlong's reign, there is a more detailed description of this palace: "Tianning Temple right building Dagongmen, building a sign in front of the gate, laying white jade stone, surrounding stone mast. Gongmen, Ergongmen, the front hall, the sleeping hall, the right palace door, the stage, the front hall, the hanging flower door, the sleeping hall, the west hall, the inner hall, the royal garden. The front and the left and the room and the tea room. The two sides are the guard house. Finally For the back door, Tongzhong Ningsi Temple. Yuci Bianji, for 'Daguantang', 'Jingyu Xuan'. Lianliu 6: For the 'window meaning Yanshan fun, spring work and sorrows' one; 'tree will warm Xu light cage牖, flower and fragrance merge into the curtain 'two;' Liri and the wind spring sway, the flower bird singer Zhao Su 'three; '钧 锦 锦 锦 锦 鬯 松 松 松 松 松 松 松 松 松 松 松 松 松 松 松 ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; After the rain, the flowers are freely fragrant 'five; 'the window will be cool, sit and wait for the 岚 岚 'six. Yujing 绮阑, lead-silver light, cross-slip, Yunshilong foundation, can be studied. After driving, All the doors are stalled in wooden sheds, and tourists are afraid to enter. The Hougong Gate is next to the Chongning Temple, and there are many gaps in the area. It is usually occupied by the Yihua people. In the south patrol, all the priests live in. The door is the dining room. The outer floor is camp The bureau is a bureau, a barn room, and another floor is a government office building, a military house, to guard the street, splashing water, point, and bells. After the wall, the Longguang Temple is used. The right-handed gate passes through the garden. The original site of the Tianshang Temple in the West Garden of the Tianning Temple, from the building of the pavilion, is decorated with water stone. The iron-making tower is high, the imitation of the temple, the top of the tower, the yellow-green glass orb, the tower lamp, the cover盂 盂 盂 盂 盂 盂 盂 盂 盂 盂 盂 盂 盂 盂 盂 盂 盂 盂 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四. The main hall of the main hall is the Grand View Hall. The building is next to the Grand View Hall. The book "Integration of Books" is given, and the name "Wenhui Pavilion" is given, and the 'Dongbi Liuhui' is flat."

Although the Tianning Temple Palace was expanded in the existing buildings in the temple garden, the renovation of this palace still caused some troubles for Qianlong. This is related to the first poem "Daguantang Six Rhymes" that we read on this "Daguantangbao" jade: "The Tianning side of the pavilion, the text of the grand view. The provincial association is Zhongzheng, set the teaching ring." The style of the exhibition is nine songs, pleading for one has been safe. The sorrow is a little embarrassing, and it is not because of the joy. Although the people’s power is not borrowed, the business can be smacked. 舜 知 弗 弗 禹徳 禹徳 禹徳 禹徳 禹徳 禹徳 禹徳 禹徳 弗 弗 弗 弗 弗 ” ” The time is the spring of the afternoon, that is, the 27th year of Qianlong, the third time of the southern tour. The reason here is that the Yangzhou local officials have spent a lot of time in order to renovate and improve the emperor's palace, and to spend a lot of money, which has caused discussion among the society and some courtiers. In order to maintain the image of Ming Jun, Qianlong also blamed the matter. He wrote a special note for this poem: "When I went to Beijing to smell the Weiyang pavilion, I saw that there was a sneak peek at the front. I called Yan Zheng Gaoheng to go to Beijing, and said that the construction was completed and could not be changed. Really pass the Chinese, not happy."

There are many different opinions about the reasons for the southern tour of Qianlong. The official statement of the court is to inspect the project of the river and sea, to understand the people's feelings and improve people's livelihood. However, each visit requires a lot of manpower and material resources, and it is inevitable that the ruling will be opposed. Therefore, the Qianlong Emperor’s every move must have the appearance of a feast. From the literature, Qianlong himself does not agree with excessive luxury. He sent a sacred slogan to the ministers of the various countries, emphasizing that they should not spend their money and make arrangements.

The second poem engraved on the jade, "Daguantang Stacks the Old Rhyme", was written two years later during the fourth southern tour of Qianlong. It used the rhyme of the last poem, and the content was almost identical: End, Ning is an entertainment concept. The exhibition will also be by righteousness, and the music will dare to be involved. If you come here, you will feel that if you are not stunned, you will be able to take care of you. It’s also because of the shackles.

By the time of his fifth southern tour, time had passed another fifteen years. Emperor Qianlong had entered the Jubilee Year and his thoughts changed. From the simple self-blame and self-discipline in the early years, there has been a strong monarchical thought of the world for my family and the people, and at the same time, I am very contented about my own cultural cultivation. These are reflected in the other two poems engraved on the jade. The first one is "Daguantang": "Daguan plays like a chanting, and it is best to teach the province's righteousness. There must be a restoring of the people, and it is better to have a good time. God's heart is forgotten, the world is home. Going to it. I have to pay more attention to it, and I feel the coffin." The second is "Re-viewing the Grand View Hall": "The river is on the north of the river, and the letter is still taught for two days. The Shuyin Xiayuan has been thickened. The view of the people in the center of the temple is 忖, the 曰 曰 曰 逝 逝 。 。 。 一 一 一 一 一 一 一 一 一 一 一 一 一 一 一 一 一 一 一 一 一 一 一 一 一 一 一 一. It was the forty-five years of Qianlong (1780). Qianlong added a poem to his own poem: "The poems of the poems have a view of the people, and the meaning of the people, the meaning of the people, the people's good and evil, the people's livelihood and the chaos, all should be done. For the integration of the people, see "Before"; "Yuyi is the icon of the ninety-five, and the monarch is integrated with the people. The rule of the people is related to the success of the monarch, and there is no loss of the people who have lost their lives." For details, see the topic of Daguantang poetry yesterday."

From the production characteristics of the "Daguantangbao" jade and the selection of the royal poems, we can roughly infer that the production time of this jade should be shortly after the fifth southern tour; it may be the local jade engineer of Yangzhou. Carefully carved. The printed and written scripts are mellow and smooth, and the imperial poems on the Indian stage are neatly sculpt, the strokes are slender and elegant, and the red gold is filled. Judging from the rare degree of the appearance of the seal, this seal should be preserved in the Grand View Hall of the Tianning Temple.

Qianlong’s fifth southern tour was the most important and longest of all his southern tours. Among the important events that took place on the way was the reception of the Beijing-based Minister of the People’s Republic of China, the Emperor’s resignation, and the completion of the five-generation Yuan Sunxi, and the completion of the Wenhui Pavilion of the Yangshuo Temple in Yangzhou.

In the Qing Dynasty, an indispensable ruling tool is to shape itself into an authentic successor of Chinese culture. A series of cultural policies have been implemented for this purpose. Kangxi and Yan Zhengshi compiled the book Integration of Ancient and Modern Books. A very important cultural project during Qianlong’s reign was to order the compilation of Siku Quanshu. From the thirty-eighth year of Emperor Qianlong (1773), the famous scholar Ji Yun was the chief eunuch, convened more than 3,600 literati scholars, and 3,800 scribes, which took nine years to become. The whole set of books is divided into four parts: the classics, the history, the sub-sets, and the 44 categories. The total number of books received is 3503, and the number of books is 79,337. It is arguably the largest series in Chinese history.

Qianlong also built seven royal imperial buildings: Wenyuan Pavilion in the Forbidden City in Beijing, Wenyuan Pavilion in the Yuanmingyuan Garden in Beijing, Weng Pavilion in the Fengtian Palace (now Shenyang), and Wenjin Pavilion in Chengde Mountain Resort, collectively known as the “North Fourth Pavilion”; Wenzong Pavilion of Jinshan Temple in Zhenjiang, Wenhui Pavilion of Yangzhou Grand View Hall, Wenyu Pavilion of Gushan Temple in Hangzhou West Lake Palace, collectively known as “South Third Pavilion”. At the beginning, the bookstore in the Yushulou was awarded the "Integration of Ancient and Modern Books"; in the forty-nine years of Qianlong (1784), the "Siku Quanshu" was completed one after another. The book was copied in seven copies, and the seven royal books were copied. .

The storage of the "Siku Quanshu" in the Wenhui Pavilion of Daguantang is of great significance to Qianlong. He personally gave the Daguantang and Yushulou titles a couplet, and also asked about the shelves where the books were placed, and wrote the poems such as Wenhuige, Wenhuige, Gengzizi, and Wenhuige. .

As a major economic and cultural town in Jiangnan, Yangzhou has a profound Chinese cultural heritage and is a gathering place for literati and artists. Many of the transcripts in the "Siku Quanshu" were provided by the literati of Yangzhou to the court. Therefore, in the Wenhui Pavilion, a set of "Siku Quanshu" was placed. First, it was to express Qianlong's admiration for Chinese culture and also a symbol of the deterrent power of the Qing Dynasty to the Southern Culture. The Emperor Qianlong’s love for Yangzhou, in addition to political factors, should also contain personal ingredients. Qianlong’s love for Jiangnan’s scenery is not reflected in the poems written daily in his southern tour. However, after Qianlong completed his sixth southern tour, he decided not to patrol Yangzhou. His happy time in Yangzhou Palace, together with this "Daguantangbao" jade, was sealed into the high-altitude high-rise. More tragic is that sixty years later, in the four years of Xianfeng (1854), the Taiping army captured Yangzhou, and the Grand View Hall and Wenhui Pavilion were destroyed. Most of the 10,000-volume collections in the Yushulou were turned into ashes, and the royal palaces were not known. In the past, the prosperous city of Jiangnan and the humanistic scenery became the wreckage. The country was in turmoil and the cultural relics suffered. Mourning!

The cultural relics related to the Qianlong Emperor's southern tour should have been quite a few, but it was very rare. Now, when we are fortunate enough to rediscover this "Daguantang treasure" that has survived overseas, we will hold the jade, look at the cinnabar ink that is faintly visible on the printed surface, and carefully read the Qianlong Emperor's imperial poems engraved on the Yintai. I also awakened the sleeping history.

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