A brief history of monazite mining

Niobium and another rare earth element lanthanum are two elements of the rare earth element which are relatively abundant in the earth's crust, and thus they are first discovered in rare earth elements. Norway and Sweden on Scandinavia in northern Europe are rich in rare earth minerals, so these two elements were first discovered in the region.

The cockroach was discovered from another red heavy stone produced in the small Swedish town of Vasteras. In 1803, the German chemist Klaprot analyzed this red heavy stone and determined that there is a new element of oxide, called ochra (赭) soil, because it appears to be bleak when burning. The element is named ochroium and the ore is called ochroite. At the same time, the Swedish chemists Bézilius and Hisinger also found oxides of the same element in the ore, called ceria (alumina), the element called cerium (铈), the element symbol is Ce, and the ore is called Cerite, to commemorate the discovery of an asteroid, Ceres Ceres. Ochroium and cerium are the same element, the latter was adopted and the former was discarded.

The oxides of lanthanum and cerium and other oxides of rare earth elements and oxides of earth elements are difficult to reduce. It was not until 1875 that Hillbrund used the electrolytically melted cerium oxide to obtain the metal lanthanum. This is a common method of obtaining rare earth metals today. Their discovery is not only the discovery of themselves, but also the discovery of other rare earth elements. The discovery of other rare earth elements began with the discovery of these two elements. The discovery of 钇 and 铈 just opened the first door to the discovery of rare earth elements and was the first stage of discovering rare earth elements.

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