Quest | The secrets and techniques of breeding pearls
Pearl culture refers to the physiological function of pearls formed by pearls to form pearls. In the body of pearl shells, small pieces of cells or small pieces of beads and cells are added, and the process of breeding pearls after a certain period of time is cultivated. In the entire breeding process, colonization and harvesting are the two most critical steps, directly related to the quality and ultimate value of the pearl. Pearl nucleus Many of the causes of defective pearls are caused by various problems in the process of colonization. So what is the reason for the formation? How to prevent it? 1, raw beads The surface is white and pearlless, and the texture is loose and brittle. Cause: The edge film outside the color line was not removed when the small piece was made, so that the bone cells and keratinocytes were formed with small pieces. Prevention: Remove the edge film outside the color line when making the film. 2, stiff beads The pearl surface is only partially pearlized. Causes and prevention are the same as above. 3, dirty beads The surface of the pearl is dark blue, the interior is hollow, and there are many impurities. After the split, there is an odor. Cause: The small piece that was fed has dirt. Prevention: The operating tools and small pieces must be kept very clean. 4, split beads Cause: The small piece has a scar, or is punctured by the needle, or the film is rolled. Prevention: The film and the film should be light to prevent injury, and the film should not be rolled. 5, hollow beads Cause: The tablets are too heavy and the sheets are rolled. Prevention: Lightly wash the tablets and scratch them. 6, with shell beads Cause: The pearl is attached to the clam shell, and the shell is rough or dull or has impurities. Prevention: The production should be small, and the outer skin of the scar should not be inserted when the film is delivered. 7, black head beads There are black spots on the surface of the pearl. Cause: The film is not in place and some are left outside to form a pearl. At the same time, it is polluted by water into black beads. Prevention: The wounds to be delivered should be small, and the delivery position should be slightly deeper and should not be left out. 8 wrinkle beads Cause: The small piece is too large, and it is inserted several times to form wrinkles when it is delivered. Prevention: Small pieces should not be too large, and they should be in place once they are delivered. Pearl harvest 1, harvest time Generally, it is not until the beginning of the year, that is, from November to February of the next year. Generally, the pearls are not collected during the high temperature season, because the pearls precipitate quickly and the texture is loose during the high temperature period. The surface of the pearls is often covered with a layer of white matter (the crystallization of vermiculite crystals), and the gloss is dim and the quality is not good. In the winter or low temperature conditions, the pearly secretion of pearls slows down, and the surface of the pearl is more delicate, smooth and shiny, so it is the best time to harvest pearls. 2, the method of collecting beads In order to ensure the quality of the pearls received, the thickness of the nacre should be sampled before the beading. According to the international jewellery convention, the pearls of various specifications of the harvested pearls have the following criteria: Fine beads: bead diameter 2.6~4.9mm, bead thickness 0.3mm Beads: Bead diameter 5.0~6.4mm, bead thickness 0.5mm Zhongzhu: 6.5~7.9mm diameter, 0.8mm thick bead Big beads: the bead diameter is 8.0mm or more, and the bead layer is 1.0mm thick. After the sampling inspection, if the development of the bead layer is too thin to meet the commercially required standards, the pearling period can be extended appropriately. The method of collecting the beads is arranged in the order of the inserter, and the next one is received, and so on. After taking the pearls from the sea, insert them into the shells from the opening of the ventral edge with a scallop, and cut the muscles of the occipital muscles to expose the soft parts. Gently insert them into the bead bag with tweezers or a knife, carefully remove the pearls from the bag. . The harvest of pearls is generally expressed in terms of the amount of pearls harvested from 10,000 pearls. For every 10,000 pearls in Mie Prefecture, Japan, the highest pearl yield is 13 kilograms. Processing and preservation Freshly harvested pearls have seawater, body fluids and dirt on the surface. If they are left for too long, the colloidal calcium carbonate and organic matter on the surface of the pearl will condense. The pearls will become dark and oxidized and deteriorate, which will affect the quality. Therefore, it should be processed in time after harvesting. 1, general washing The harvested pearls are soaked in light water in time, then washed with soap and fresh water and dried. In order to thoroughly wash off the remaining mucus and dirt of the bead attachments, the harvested pearls can be soaked in water for 5 to 10 minutes, then mixed with pearls (the ratio is 2:1), and then rubbed with water. Lightly soap and water rinse several times, and finally use a towel or flannel to light, cool and store. 2, drug washing 1 Poor pearls can be washed with 0.15% to 0.2% of dodecyl sulfate, then washed with water, dried and stored. 2 The surface of the dull or stained pearl can be washed with 3% hydrogen peroxide, then washed with water and dried. The medicinal pearls should not be treated with a chemical agent after harvesting, and only washed with water and salt water. All processed, dried pearls should be placed in a clean and clean cloth bag, sealed and placed in a cabinet, and should not be placed in a place with tidal temperature.
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